vault backup: 2025-11-23 10:27:07

content/Biokemi/Cellulära processer/Translation/Instuderingsfrågor.md

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+## Genetic code
+#### Describe the main features of the genetic code.
+
+#### What is degeneracy of the genetic code and what its biological significance?
+
+## Translation and tRNA
+#### What is translation?
+
+#### What is a tRNA and what is its function in protein synthesis?
+
+#### What are the general characteristics of a tRNA?
+
+#### Why the 3’ CCA terminal region in a tRNA is also know as the acceptor arm?
+
+#### What is the wobble effect and which base in the anticodon determines the wobble effect?
+
+#### Explain why aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are the ‘true reads’ of the genetic code?
+
+#### How do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases work? Describe active and editing sites.
+
+## Ribosomes
+#### What is a ribosome and what are its different components?
+
+#### Which components of the ribosome are critical to its structure and function?
+
+#### Describe the three binding sites (A, P, and E) and which tRNAs are found in each site.
+#### What are the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes?
+
+#### How can the ribosome be used as a structure to development of new antibiotics?
+
+## Protein translation mechanism
+#### What are the steps of protein translation?
+
+#### What are the characteristics of the initiation region in bacteria?
+
+#### Explain why the reading frame is establish during the initiation step of protein synthesis?
+#### How does protein initiation start and what role initiation factors play?
+#### What is the role of elongation and translocation factors?
+#### What is the role of release factors in protein synthesis?
+
+#### What is a polysome and what is its biological significance?
+
+#### What are the differences between bacteria and eukaryotic protein biosynthesis?
+
+#### Streptomycin is a bacterial antibiotic that blocks protein biosynthesis. Describe how this antibiotic works and which step of protein biosynthesis is inhibited.