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{
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"Vetenskaplig artikel/Methods & Main Results.md": {
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"Vetenskaplig artikel/Intro.md": {
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content/Vetenskaplig artikel/Intro.md
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<small>The aim of the study was to investigate whether normal aging leads to blood cells being produced from fewer cell clones. This was examined by comparing which X chromosome the cells were using between different age groups and between neutrophils and T cells.</small>
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<small>In other words, they studied human hematopoiesis acros s age by analyzing purified blood cell lineages from the subjects.</small>
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---
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👋
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-------
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## Study
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- 197 hematologically normal females
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- 23 newborn - taken during delivery
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- 94 young adult - age: 17-50 median 30
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- 80 eldery - age: 75-96 median 81
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- purified neutrofils
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- purified T-cells
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----
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### Methods
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1. <small>Peripheral blood samples were collected</small>
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2. <small>Neutrophils and T cells were isolated using cell separation techniques _(centrifugation followed by lineage-specific purification)_</small>
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3. <small>X-chromosome inactivation was analyzed using the HUMARA PCR assay _(PCR-based measurement of which X chromosome is active)_</small>
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4. <small>T cells were analyzed by PCR to check for clonal expansion _(T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement analysis)_</small >
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The aim of the study was to investigate whether normal aging leads to blood cells being produced from fewer cell clones. This was examined by comparing which X chromosome the cells were using between different age groups and between neutrophils and T cells.
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In other words, they studied human hematopoiesis across age by analyzing purified blood cell lineages from the subjects.
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-----
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## Study
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- 1 97 hematologically normal females
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- 23 newborn
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- 94 young adult (median 30)
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- 80 eldery (over 75)
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- purified neutrofils
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- purified T-cells
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----
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### Metoder
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1. Peripheral blood samples were collected
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2. Neutrophils and T cells were isolated using cell separation techniques _(centrifugation followed by lineage-specific purification)_
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3. X-chromosome inactivation was analyzed using the HUMARA PCR assay _(PCR-based measurement of which X chromosome is active)_
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4. T cells were analyzed by PCR to check for clonal expansion _(T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement analysis)_
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---
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### Results
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1. X chromosome usage is similar in newborns and young adults.
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2. Neutrophils from elderly female individuals show strongly uneven X chromosome usage.
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3. T-cells show much less uneven X chromosome usage and no dominant clonal expansion
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---
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### Cord blood neutrophils
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![[image-183.png|148x156]]
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<small>
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- Graph shows the distribution of X chromosome usage in 23 newborn
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- X-axis: % of cells using the less common X chromosome.
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- Y-axis: number of individuals in each group.
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Conclusion: Newborns mostly show balanced use of the two X chromosomes
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</small>
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---
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### > 75 years neutrophils
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![[image-184.png|145x158]]
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<small>
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- This graph shows the purified neutrofils from 80 elderly (y >= 75) females
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- X and Y axis is the same as in previous graph
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Conclusion: Elderly neutrophils frequently show strongly uneven X chromosome usage.
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</small>
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----
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### Questions
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- What was the main question the authors wanted to answer?
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- Why did they choose this specific method instead of another one?
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- What does this figure show in one sentence?
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- What is the main conclusion from your article?
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- What would be the biggest limitation of this study?
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