Johan Dahlin
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Inlärning, Minne och Glömska pdf
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Inlärning, Minne & Glömska Block 4, Eric Hanse ”Information about the past is useful only to the extent that it allows us to anticipate what may happen in the future.” ”The remembered future” ”The remembered present”
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”Hebb-synapse” Cells that fire together wire together ”Hebb-synapse” ”When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite cell B and repeatedly takes part in firing it, some growth processor metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, increases.” Donald Hebb, 1949
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Distributed storgage of memories – Hebb’s cell assembly, or the engram www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 338 5 OCTOBER 2012
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Synaptic plasticity: Long-term potentiation (LTP) and Long-term depression (LTD)
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Tonegawa et al 2018 Nature Rev Neurosci 19: 485-498 Activity-dependent labelling of engram cells
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Hayashi-Takagi et al 2015 Nature 525: 333-338
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Some synapses grow with LTP and learning… and most synapses shrink during sleep Cirelli (2017) Curr Op Neurobiol 44:72-76 Tononi & Cirelli (2014) Neuron 81:12-34 … creating room for new learning
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Memories are consolidated and enhanced during sleep Ji & Wilson, 2006
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Stickgold and Walker, 2005 Consolidation and re-consolidation
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Physiological and pathological forgetting Davis and Zhong 2017 Neuron 95: 490-503 Ryan and Frankland 2022 Nat Rev Neurosci 23:
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Factors that influence learning • Stress • Sleep • (Re)Consolidation • Spaced learning, fasting • Physical exercise • Active rehearsal • Cognitive enhancers? Sapolsky 2015 Nat Neurosci 18:1344
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Subdivision of memories Working memory
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H.M. – Hippocampus is necessary for the formation of episodic memories H.M’s brain Normal brain
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Amnesia Amnesia = patological forgetting Procent av normal minnesfunktion Skada tid Födsel Nutid Procent av normal minnesfunktion Skada tid Födsel Nutid Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia