---
tags:
  - biokemi
  - translation
  - instuderingsuppgifter
föreläsare: Ana Luis
---

## Genetic code
#### Describe the main features of the genetic code.

#### What is degeneracy of the genetic code and what its biological significance?

## Translation and tRNA
#### What is translation?

#### What is a tRNA and what is its function in protein synthesis?

#### What are the general characteristics of a tRNA?

#### Why the 3’ CCA terminal region in a tRNA is also know as the acceptor arm?

#### What is the wobble effect and which base in the anticodon determines the wobble effect?

#### Explain why aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are the ‘true reads’ of the genetic code?

#### How do aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases work? Describe active and editing sites.

## Ribosomes
#### What is a ribosome and what are its different components?

#### Which components of the ribosome are critical to its structure and function?

#### Describe the three binding sites (A, P, and E) and which tRNAs are found in each site.
#### What are the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes?

#### How can the ribosome be used as a structure to development of new antibiotics?

## Protein translation mechanism
#### What are the steps of protein translation?

#### What are the characteristics of the initiation region in bacteria?

#### Explain why the reading frame is establish during the initiation step of protein synthesis?
#### How does protein initiation start and what role initiation factors play?
#### What is the role of elongation and translocation factors?
#### What is the role of release factors in protein synthesis?

#### What is a polysome and what is its biological significance?

#### What are the differences between bacteria and eukaryotic protein biosynthesis?

#### Streptomycin is a bacterial antibiotic that blocks protein biosynthesis. Describe how this antibiotic works and which step of protein biosynthesis is inhibited.