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Johan Dahlin
2025-12-09 21:46:11 +01:00
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content/Biokemi/Gamla tentor/2024-12-20/13.md
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@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ Describe the main features of the genetic code and explain their biological sign
**Answer**
```spoiler-block
The genetic code is that 3 codons on the mRNA, translates into 3 anti-codons on tRNA which gives the correct amino acid. Many amino acids has 3 codons that encode for them, because in case something goes wrong the correct amino acid binds anyway. Even the first base of the anticodon got what is called the Wobble effect, which means that for example Inosin there can bind to either A, C or U on the third base of codon. This enables that some errors in the genetic code does not lead to mutations because it bind the correct amino acid.
The genetic code is in humans stored in DNA (23 chromosome pairs). It stems from our mother and father. The DNA contains 4 different base-pairs. Adenin, Tymin, Cytosin och Guanin.
The genetic code is not read one base-pair at a time, but rather in groups of three (i.e codons). For example AUG, ATT.
The genetic code is also degenarative, leading to different codons being able to code for the same aminoacid. This leads to a protective function against mutations, since a mutation in a codon can lead to the same amino acid still being coded for example. The gentic code codes for all the proteins in an organism. The DNA can be transcribed into mRNA which can be translated into proteins
```
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